A Field Guide to the Snails of Lord Howe Island

3 Contents Introduction.................................5 How to use this guide .................5 Land snail biology.......................6 Land snail identification ..............7 Origins and diversification ........10 Past research .............................11 Habitat types .............................12 Looking for land snails ..............13 Conservation .............................16 Pictorial guide to families..........17 General key...............................24 Species descriptions ..................26 Caenogastropoda...................26 Assimineidae ..............27 Diplommatinidae........33 Neritimorpha.........................47 Hydrocenidae.............48 Pulmonata .............................50 Achatinellidae ............50 Bothryembryontidae ...56 Charopidae.................60 Helicarionidae............84 Microcystidae.............98 Punctidae .................114 Valloniidae...............140 Introduced families...143 Glossary ..................................153 Taxonomic index ....................154 Bibliography............................157 Acknowledgements .................158 About the authors....................159 Shell features...........................160